The Impact of Cannabis Use on Academic Achievement: Key Findings from a Meta-Analysis

A recent meta-analysis of 63 studies, involving over 438,000 individuals, reveals significant associations between cannabis use during adolescence or young adulthood and academic outcomes. The study found that cannabis use is linked to lower school grades, increased absenteeism, and a higher likelihood of school dropout. It also shows that cannabis use decreases the chances of high school completion, university enrollment, and postsecondary degree attainment. While the evidence connecting cannabis use to unemployment is less certain, it suggests a possible increase in unemployment risk.

Key Findings

• Lower Academic Performance: Cannabis users are less likely to achieve high grades and complete their education. The analysis showed a significant association between cannabis use and lower school grades, with users 39% less likely to achieve a grade B or above.
• Increased School Absenteeism and Dropout Rates: Adolescents using cannabis are more likely to miss school and eventually drop out. The study found a 2.19 times greater likelihood of school dropout among cannabis users compared to non-users.
• Reduced Likelihood of Higher Education: Cannabis use is associated with decreased university enrollment and postsecondary degree attainment, with a 28% reduced chance of enrolling in university.
• Potential Employment Impact: While the evidence is less certain, cannabis use during adolescence may lead to increased unemployment, with cannabis users being 50% more likely to experience joblessness.

Broader Implications

These findings underscore the potential long-term effects of cannabis use on educational and career outcomes. Adolescence and young adulthood are critical periods for brain development, and early cannabis exposure may impair cognitive functions like memory and attention, contributing to poorer academic performance.

Moving Forward

With cannabis legalization becoming more widespread, these findings highlight the need for targeted prevention efforts. More research is needed to identify effective interventions that can reduce cannabis use among young people and mitigate its negative effects on academic achievement and future employment.

References:

Chan O, Daudi A, Ji D, et al. Cannabis Use During Adolescence and Young Adulthood and Academic Achievement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr. Published online October 07, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3674